What component of a septic system functionalities by distributing wastewater after treatment?

The leach field, also known as a drain field, is designed to receive and distribute effluent from the septic tank into the soil. After wastewater has been treated in the septic tank, the leach field serves as a critical component that allows for further treatment as it percolates through the soil layers. This biological filtration process helps to break down contaminants and promotes the natural purification of the wastewater before it enters the groundwater.

The distribution of treated wastewater within the leach field happens through a series of perforated pipes laid in gravel-filled trenches. This setup encourages aeration and provides sufficient space for soil microorganisms to effectively treat the effluent. The design and function of the leach field are vital for preventing surface runoff and ensuring that harmful pathogens and nutrients are adequately absorbed and decomposed by the soil, thereby protecting public health and the environment.